Back in the nineties I helped a friend figure out how to do an operating hump yard. We started by clamping a ten foot run of plywood to a stud wall and started rolling cars down the incline to see how fast and how far they would go. Got very inconsistent results. Used a NMRA gauge to check the track, found one tight spot and fixed it, found some wheels not in gauge. Biggest issue was the trucks, using the same set of axles and wheels on the same car gave different results with different trucks. We found any metal wheel-set with any car would roll the same distance as long as the trucks were the same. He wound up replacing half of his trucks to make them all the same. In a couple months he had a smooth operating nine track hump yard.
Remember, when working on your railroad, keep the NMRA gauge in one hand all the time and use it frequently, it will quickly show you your problem causes.